Physical meter installations require long, straight, and unobstructed pipes or ducts. Space limitations plus expensive installation costs are the most dominant factors discouraging physical flow meter installations in existing buildings, which account for $4 billion of the Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) energy costs annually. The lack of metering capacities makes building commissioning and energy performance improvement difficult and requires that energy professionals perform onsite measurements using portable meters to identify many efficiency improvement measures. Those measurements are usually labor-intensive and costly.The Building Automation System (BAS) embedded performance degradation detector (PDD) improves upon the typical 4-phased open-loop commissioning process by deploying a cyclical, continuous, closed-loop process using low cost and reliable virtual flow meter technologies. This includes virtual pump water flow meters for hot and chilled water systems, virtual fan airflow meters for air handling units (AHUs), and valve water-flow meters for AHU coils, which enable real-time continuous performance measurement and verification for major building systems.

The objective of this PDD demonstration project is to improve the energy efficiency of DoD’s buildings while maintaining or improving indoor air quality by increasing the intelligence of building energy management using virtual flow meter technologies. The demonstration will be conducted at Tinker AFB, Oklahoma. The PDD uses the available BAS data plus virtual measurements at pumps, fans, and valves to determine actual energy consumption of key building systems and subsystems. Best Brand Of Hvac SystemThe energy use of energy efficient operations for those systems, i.e., reference values of energy consumption for practices conforming to standards and guidelines by ASHRAE and other authorities (such as the static pressure reset requirements of ASHRAE 90.1), can be predicted through virtual flow measurements based on energy balance and/or mechanisms of subsystems. Cedar Wood Foot Soak Tub

As a result, the actual energy uses and the value of reference energy usage for fans, reheat, cooling coils in AHUs, pumps, chillers, and boilers can be automatically obtained. By comparing the actual energy consumptions with the reference energy consumptions, degradations in the energy efficiency of equipment and systems can be detected and quantified. The severity of the performance degradation, i.e., the amount of energy lost, is then used to trigger alarms and give warnings to facility operators for quick corrections.Tire Buying Guide Suvs This technology is applicable to all existing buildings that possess a centralized heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, which is estimated to be 0.95 billion ft2 of DoD built infrastructure. The PDD results in a lab environment indicate the potential to reduce DoD energy costs by approximately $0.3 billion per year (relative to the DoD goal of $1.5 billion annual savings).

The PDD has been successfully tested in one lab air handling unit (AHU), the Building Energy Efficiency (BEE) laboratory at the University of Oklahoma. The installed PDD has shown 30% avoided energy wastes, leading to about a 24-month simple payback. Since HVAC system operations are heavily dependent on loads, more robust performance validations are needed using real-world dynamic load variations. Compared with typical commissioning processes, the PDD will significantly reduce the labor costs of tedious manual measurements and analyses. In addition, the detector identifies more energy savings by comparing actual energy usage to reference energy usage, which corresponds to energy efficient operations over a range of operating conditions. Typical commissioning only ensures that systems operate at the design intent, often expressed for one set of conditions. The PDD also detects the performance degradation instantly and provides continuous monitoring after corrections are made. Therefore, cumulative savings will be significantly larger than typical savings identified through a manual commissioning process.

(Anticipated Project Completion - 2017) /implications-of-economizers-in-tier-certified-data-centers/ on this server. Your technical support key is: 340c-95c3-1756-6707In 1903, Niels Finsen won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his use of ultraviolet light in the treatment of tuberculosis. Since then, ultraviolet lights have been widely adapted for all kinds of uses: sterilizing hospitals, sterilizing water, germicidal lamps in food establishments, and even curing nail polish faster. If UV light is so effective, how can it be applied to improving indoor air quality for residential HVAC systems? Will it kill mold and bacteria in HVAC systems? Yes, but you need to understand the priorities of indoor air quality and the types of UV lights available for residential HVAC systems. About 2 years ago, we installed a 19 SEER Lennox XC 21 air conditioner. During our most recent AC service, the technician also installed a TopTech HVAC UV light inside the air handler, which remains turned on 24/7.

According to the technician from Engineered Air, HVAC UV lights are very effective at controlling mold inside the air handler. All mold in line-of-sight of the UV bulb will be killed, keeping the coil mold-free. He also mentioned that several clients with respiratory problems are even able to tell if the UV bulb has burned-out due to reduced air quality. I’ll let you know if I am able to tell. There are two types of UV lights for HAVC systems. Two studies point to the effectiveness of UV light in killing mold and bacteria, one in hospitals and the other in a commercial HVAC system. The TopTech UV stick light bulb is estimated to last 9000 hours, just over 1 year. Replacement bulbs cost about $70. Replace the bulb during each annual HVAC service and maintenance is nearly effortless. The TopTech UV light we installed is rated at 1.1 amps. To calculate annual energy costs, I used these handy calculators For just under $100 per year ($24 electricity + $70 replacement bulb), my family has peace-of-mind knowing that we are breathing the highest-quality indoor air.